By Blake Jones
In 2009, the head of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,
Shirley Ann Jackson, earned twice as much as Harvard University’s
president.
Jackson took home $1.8 million to run RPI, a nonprofit university ranked 50th in the nation by U.S. News and World Report.
Drew Faust, her counterpart at the much larger and No. 1-ranked Harvard, earned $875,000.
To some, Jackson’s seven-figure pay is excessive — an
example of bloated compensation in pockets of the nonprofit community.
Shock value alone reveals when salary is too high, critics argue.
Others disagree, saying pay — even at nonprofits — can’t
be judged at face value. At best, it’s a starting point for questions
about experience, performance and the competition.
While no one denies overpaid nonprofit executives exist,
there’s no simple formula to single out those individuals — the industry
is too diverse. What’s fair for a multinational organization with a
billion-dollar budget is unfathomable for a small food pantry with three
employees, and vice versa.
Spurred by a few gross abuses at downstate charities last
year, state lawmakers have been trying to address the question of how
much is too much.
Over the past eight months, the governor has formed a
task force and issued an executive order, the state Senate held a
hearing, and the attorney general released a report.
No closer to consensus, one thing is clear: The issue of nonprofit compensation is as sensational as it is complex.
Health care offers top pay
In a review of public financial information for 50 of
Warren, Washington and Saratoga counties’ larger nonprofits, The
Post-Star found many examples of executive compensation in excess of
$100,000, including a Saratoga Hospital doctor earning $860,000.
According to tax Forms 990 from 2010, the most recent
available, the highest pay locally was concentrated in health care,
education, and the arts — consistent with national trends.
At Glens Falls Hospital, the region’s largest employer,
longtime CEO David Kruczlnicki’s compensation was $433,000 in 2010. He
oversees a $290 million budget, a staff of almost 3,000 and a health
care network that includes an acute care hospital and 29 regional
facilities in multiple counties.
The Queensbury-based Hudson Headwaters Health Network
provided its founder and CEO, Dr. John Rugge, $430,000 in 2010. Hudson
Headwaters is a much smaller organization, however, with about 560
employees, 14 Adirondack clinics and a $40 million budget.
To the south, Saratoga Hospital CEO Angelo Calbone earned
almost $470,000 in 2010 to oversee a $186 million budget and 1,800
employees spread over the hospital’s main campus and six Saratoga County
outpatient and primary care centers.
Pay for all three health care CEOs was less, though, than
that of Skidmore College President Philip Glotzbach, who earned
$470,000 in 2010. And even Glotzbach’s compensation paled in comparison
to that of high-ranking hospital doctors.
Three cancer doctors employed by Glens Falls Hospital
topped Kruczlnicki’s compensation in 2010. C. R. Wood Cancer Center
oncologists John Stoutenburg and Aqeel Gillani had earnings of $470,000
and $485,000, respectively, while the center’s founding medical
director, oncologist Robert Sponzo, earned nearly $600,000. Then-Chief
Financial Officer Michael Niles took home the most that year, however,
at $620,000 due to pension and other one-time payouts associated with
his 2010 retirement.
To the south, Saratoga Hospital anesthesiologist Dr.
Gordan Kuhar, who runs the hospital’s Pain Management Center, earned
more than $860,000, making him not only the highest-paid hospital
employee but by far the highest-paid individual at nonprofits reviewed
by The Post-Star.
In a statement, Saratoga Hospital said it conducted
market research to determine what other physicians in Kuhar’s specialty
were making before setting his salary within that range.
Board Chairman Michael West said Saratoga Hospital uses
outside groups to help determine pay, targeting the 75th percentile for
overall compensation at similar-sized hospitals, including base pay and
bonuses.
West said the market for leaders, physicians and nurses is competitive, and the hospital tries to recruit the best.
“We believe competitive compensation is required if we are to meet our goals for our community,” he said in a statement.
Glens Falls Hospital said its process for determining compensation involves hiring an outside firm to conduct market research.
Michael Clarke, vice chairman of the hospital’s Board of
Governors and chairman of the personnel committee that sets
compensation, said the nonprofit aims to pay its executives in the 50th
percentile, or middle of the road for similarly sized hospitals.
“We’re not a typical nonprofit,” Clarke said of the hospital.
“It is a complicated business and it’s a very important
business. It supports the livelihood of 3,000 employees and on the other
side supports the health care of 150,000 people.”
Clarke noted other factors have to be considered when it
comes to pay, such as the location of the organization and an
executive’s experience and performance. Kruczlnicki, for example, has
been the hospital’s CEO for more than 20 years.
In the end, the pay should reflect the complexity of the
executive’s job and his success in helping the organization fulfill its
mission, Clarke said.
“You can focus on the quality, focus on the community
outreach that the hospital makes, or focus on the accomplishment of the
goals,” he said. “The salaries are, in some ways, related to the
accomplishment of all that.”
Other six-figure salaries
Other high-paid health care executives in 2010 includ
CEOs of nursing and senior living facilities such as Fort Hudson and
Saratoga Springs-based Wesley, who earned more than $200,000.
A few cultural organizations broke the $200,000 mark as well.
The president of the Yaddo artists’ compound, Elaina
Richardson, earned $211,000, while Marcia White, president and executive
director of the Saratoga Performing Arts Center, took home $281,000.
Many more nonprofits paid their leaders more than
$100,000, including museums like the Hyde Collection in Glens Falls and
the National Museum of Racing in Saratoga Springs; religious
organizations such as the Word of Life camp in Schroon Lake and the
YMCA’s Silver Bay conference center; economic development corporations
in Warren and Saratoga counties; and a groups that provide services to
developmentally disabled New Yorkers such as Community Work and
Independence Inc. in Glens Falls, Saratoga Bridges, and Queensbury-based
Warren-Washington ARC.
Human service organizations that assist low-income residents had the lowest executive pay of groups surveyed.
The heads of the Washington County Economic Opportunity
Council, Warren-Hamilton Counties Action Committee for Economic
Opportunity and the Tri-County United Way all earned about $65,000 a
year.
The Post-Star did not find any examples of million-dollar
pay at nonprofits in Warren, Washington or Saratoga counties, but they
do exist closer to Albany. Jackson of RPI, for example, and Albany
Medical Center CEO James Barba earned more than $1 million in the most
recently reported fiscal year.
What’s normal?
According to a survey by Charity Navigator, a website
that specializes in ranking nonprofits’ effectiveness, the average CEO
pay at 3,000 mid- to large-sized groups was $150,000 nationwide, or
$185,000 in the Northeast.
Charity Navigator defended the median pay as generally
appropriate for big organizations. But the group also highlighted
examples of excessive pay.
The survey revealed 14 nonprofits with executives earning
more than $1 million in 2008 and another 106 with CEO pay above
$500,000.
Sandra Miniutti, Charity Navigator’s chief financial
officer, said arts and education institutions tend to pay more than
human service providers, and college presidents or sports directors can
make upward of $1 million.
If that’s atypical among the nation’s larger charities, it’s even more rare when smaller organizations are considered.
Michael Clark, executive director of the Nonprofit
Coordinating Committee of New York Inc., estimates the average nonprofit
CEO in New York makes $37,000 to $47,000 annually.
“Nonprofit executives across the board are being paid way
too little,” said Clark. “That’s why we get the (state) contracts — we
work cheap.”
United Way Executive Director Barbara Sweet, who earned
$63,000 in 2010 to manage an $850,000 budget, said she and her small
staff have opted to forgo pay raises two of the last five years.
“We are very aware of the need in the community and operate a lean-and-mean organization,” Sweet said.
As head of the United Way, which raises money for other
community nonprofits, Sweet is familiar with compensation levels at many
groups and said they work hard to meet the community’s needs with
limited resources.
“That’s not us,” she said of excessive pay now being targeted by Gov. Andrew Cuomo.
In fact, many contend undercompensation is a bigger issue for nonprofits.
Doug Sauer, CEO of the New York Council of Nonprofits
Inc., believes efforts to address and control outrageous pay detract
from the real concern.
“This is a very little problem,” he said of excessive
nonprofit pay. “(The discussion in Albany) focuses a public discourse on
something that’s not real.”
Coming tomorrow: The second part of this series on
nonprofits will explore efforts at the state level to address
compensation abuses.
